# 🔐 Security Guidelines

*Comprehensive security guidelines for homelab infrastructure*

## Overview
Security best practices and guidelines for maintaining a secure homelab environment while balancing usability and functionality.

## Network Security

### Network Segmentation
- **VLAN isolation**: Separate networks for different service tiers
- **DMZ configuration**: Isolated zone for public-facing services
- **Management network**: Dedicated network for administration
- **IoT isolation**: Separate network for IoT devices

### Firewall Configuration
- **Default deny**: Block all traffic by default
- **Explicit allow**: Only permit required traffic
- **Geo-blocking**: Block traffic from suspicious countries
- **Rate limiting**: Prevent brute force attacks

### VPN Security
- **WireGuard**: Modern, secure VPN protocol
- **Tailscale**: Zero-trust mesh networking
- **Certificate-based auth**: Strong authentication methods
- **Regular key rotation**: Periodic key updates

## Access Control

### Authentication
- **Multi-factor authentication**: Required for all admin access
- **Strong passwords**: Minimum complexity requirements
- **Password managers**: Centralized password management
- **Biometric authentication**: Where supported

### Authorization
- **Principle of least privilege**: Minimal required permissions
- **Role-based access**: Defined user roles and permissions
- **Regular access reviews**: Periodic permission audits
- **Automated deprovisioning**: Remove unused accounts

### Single Sign-On (SSO)
- **Authentik integration**: Centralized authentication
- **SAML/OIDC**: Standard authentication protocols
- **Session management**: Secure session handling
- **Audit logging**: Track authentication events

## Container Security

### Image Security
- **Trusted registries**: Use official/verified images
- **Image scanning**: Vulnerability assessment
- **Minimal base images**: Reduce attack surface
- **Regular updates**: Keep images current

### Runtime Security
- **Non-root containers**: Run as unprivileged users
- **Resource limits**: Prevent resource exhaustion
- **Network policies**: Restrict container networking
- **Security contexts**: Apply security constraints

### Secrets Management
- **Docker secrets**: Secure secret distribution
- **Environment variables**: Avoid secrets in env vars
- **External secret stores**: HashiCorp Vault integration
- **Secret rotation**: Regular secret updates

## Data Protection

### Encryption
- **Data at rest**: Encrypt stored data
- **Data in transit**: TLS/SSL for all communications
- **Database encryption**: Encrypt sensitive databases
- **Backup encryption**: Encrypt all backups

### Backup Security
- **3-2-1 rule**: 3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite
- **Immutable backups**: Prevent backup tampering
- **Backup testing**: Regular restore testing
- **Access controls**: Restrict backup access

### Data Classification
- **Public data**: No special protection required
- **Internal data**: Standard protection measures
- **Confidential data**: Enhanced protection required
- **Restricted data**: Maximum protection measures

## System Hardening

### Operating System
- **Minimal installation**: Remove unnecessary packages
- **Security updates**: Automated security patching
- **Service hardening**: Secure service configurations
- **Audit logging**: Comprehensive system logging

### SSH Security
- **Key-based authentication**: Disable password auth
- **Non-standard ports**: Change default SSH port
- **Fail2ban**: Automated intrusion prevention
- **SSH hardening**: Secure SSH configuration

### Web Services
- **HTTPS only**: Force encrypted connections
- **Security headers**: Implement security headers
- **Input validation**: Sanitize all user input
- **Rate limiting**: Prevent abuse

## Monitoring & Incident Response

### Security Monitoring
- **Log aggregation**: Centralized log collection
- **SIEM integration**: Security information management
- **Anomaly detection**: Identify unusual activity
- **Real-time alerts**: Immediate threat notification

### Vulnerability Management
- **Regular scanning**: Automated vulnerability scans
- **Patch management**: Timely security updates
- **Risk assessment**: Prioritize vulnerabilities
- **Remediation tracking**: Track fix implementation

### Incident Response
- **Response plan**: Documented incident procedures
- **Communication plan**: Stakeholder notification
- **Evidence preservation**: Forensic data collection
- **Post-incident review**: Learn from incidents

## Compliance & Governance

### Security Policies
- **Acceptable use**: Define acceptable system use
- **Data handling**: Data protection procedures
- **Access management**: User access procedures
- **Change management**: Secure change processes

### Documentation
- **Security procedures**: Document all procedures
- **Configuration baselines**: Standard configurations
- **Risk assessments**: Regular risk evaluations
- **Audit trails**: Maintain audit records

### Training & Awareness
- **Security training**: Regular security education
- **Phishing awareness**: Social engineering protection
- **Best practices**: Promote security best practices
- **Incident reporting**: Encourage incident reporting

## Physical Security

### Hardware Protection
- **Secure locations**: Physical access controls
- **Environmental controls**: Temperature, humidity
- **Power protection**: UPS, surge protection
- **Asset tracking**: Hardware inventory management

### Data Center Security
- **Access controls**: Restricted physical access
- **Surveillance**: Security cameras, monitoring
- **Environmental monitoring**: Temperature, humidity
- **Fire suppression**: Fire detection and suppression

## Cloud Security

### Cloud Services
- **Shared responsibility**: Understand security models
- **Identity management**: Cloud identity integration
- **Data sovereignty**: Data location requirements
- **Vendor assessment**: Evaluate cloud providers

### Hybrid Security
- **Consistent policies**: Uniform security across environments
- **Secure connectivity**: Encrypted cloud connections
- **Data classification**: Consistent data handling
- **Monitoring integration**: Unified security monitoring

## Regular Security Tasks

### Daily Tasks
- **Monitor alerts**: Review security alerts
- **Check logs**: Review critical system logs
- **Verify backups**: Ensure backup completion
- **Update awareness**: Stay informed on threats

### Weekly Tasks
- **Vulnerability scans**: Run security scans
- **Access reviews**: Review user access
- **Patch assessment**: Evaluate available patches
- **Incident review**: Review security incidents

### Monthly Tasks
- **Security metrics**: Generate security reports
- **Policy reviews**: Review security policies
- **Training updates**: Update security training
- **Vendor assessments**: Review vendor security

### Quarterly Tasks
- **Risk assessments**: Comprehensive risk evaluation
- **Penetration testing**: Security testing
- **Disaster recovery**: Test recovery procedures
- **Security audits**: Internal security audits

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**Status**: ✅ Security guidelines implemented across all homelab systems