Sanitized mirror from private repository - 2026-03-12 12:02:52 UTC

docs/security/SECURITY_GUIDELINES.md

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+# 🔐 Security Guidelines
+
+*Comprehensive security guidelines for homelab infrastructure*
+
+## Overview
+Security best practices and guidelines for maintaining a secure homelab environment while balancing usability and functionality.
+
+## Network Security
+
+### Network Segmentation
+- **VLAN isolation**: Separate networks for different service tiers
+- **DMZ configuration**: Isolated zone for public-facing services
+- **Management network**: Dedicated network for administration
+- **IoT isolation**: Separate network for IoT devices
+
+### Firewall Configuration
+- **Default deny**: Block all traffic by default
+- **Explicit allow**: Only permit required traffic
+- **Geo-blocking**: Block traffic from suspicious countries
+- **Rate limiting**: Prevent brute force attacks
+
+### VPN Security
+- **WireGuard**: Modern, secure VPN protocol
+- **Tailscale**: Zero-trust mesh networking
+- **Certificate-based auth**: Strong authentication methods
+- **Regular key rotation**: Periodic key updates
+
+## Access Control
+
+### Authentication
+- **Multi-factor authentication**: Required for all admin access
+- **Strong passwords**: Minimum complexity requirements
+- **Password managers**: Centralized password management
+- **Biometric authentication**: Where supported
+
+### Authorization
+- **Principle of least privilege**: Minimal required permissions
+- **Role-based access**: Defined user roles and permissions
+- **Regular access reviews**: Periodic permission audits
+- **Automated deprovisioning**: Remove unused accounts
+
+### Single Sign-On (SSO)
+- **Authentik integration**: Centralized authentication
+- **SAML/OIDC**: Standard authentication protocols
+- **Session management**: Secure session handling
+- **Audit logging**: Track authentication events
+
+## Container Security
+
+### Image Security
+- **Trusted registries**: Use official/verified images
+- **Image scanning**: Vulnerability assessment
+- **Minimal base images**: Reduce attack surface
+- **Regular updates**: Keep images current
+
+### Runtime Security
+- **Non-root containers**: Run as unprivileged users
+- **Resource limits**: Prevent resource exhaustion
+- **Network policies**: Restrict container networking
+- **Security contexts**: Apply security constraints
+
+### Secrets Management
+- **Docker secrets**: Secure secret distribution
+- **Environment variables**: Avoid secrets in env vars
+- **External secret stores**: HashiCorp Vault integration
+- **Secret rotation**: Regular secret updates
+
+## Data Protection
+
+### Encryption
+- **Data at rest**: Encrypt stored data
+- **Data in transit**: TLS/SSL for all communications
+- **Database encryption**: Encrypt sensitive databases
+- **Backup encryption**: Encrypt all backups
+
+### Backup Security
+- **3-2-1 rule**: 3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite
+- **Immutable backups**: Prevent backup tampering
+- **Backup testing**: Regular restore testing
+- **Access controls**: Restrict backup access
+
+### Data Classification
+- **Public data**: No special protection required
+- **Internal data**: Standard protection measures
+- **Confidential data**: Enhanced protection required
+- **Restricted data**: Maximum protection measures
+
+## System Hardening
+
+### Operating System
+- **Minimal installation**: Remove unnecessary packages
+- **Security updates**: Automated security patching
+- **Service hardening**: Secure service configurations
+- **Audit logging**: Comprehensive system logging
+
+### SSH Security
+- **Key-based authentication**: Disable password auth
+- **Non-standard ports**: Change default SSH port
+- **Fail2ban**: Automated intrusion prevention
+- **SSH hardening**: Secure SSH configuration
+
+### Web Services
+- **HTTPS only**: Force encrypted connections
+- **Security headers**: Implement security headers
+- **Input validation**: Sanitize all user input
+- **Rate limiting**: Prevent abuse
+
+## Monitoring & Incident Response
+
+### Security Monitoring
+- **Log aggregation**: Centralized log collection
+- **SIEM integration**: Security information management
+- **Anomaly detection**: Identify unusual activity
+- **Real-time alerts**: Immediate threat notification
+
+### Vulnerability Management
+- **Regular scanning**: Automated vulnerability scans
+- **Patch management**: Timely security updates
+- **Risk assessment**: Prioritize vulnerabilities
+- **Remediation tracking**: Track fix implementation
+
+### Incident Response
+- **Response plan**: Documented incident procedures
+- **Communication plan**: Stakeholder notification
+- **Evidence preservation**: Forensic data collection
+- **Post-incident review**: Learn from incidents
+
+## Compliance & Governance
+
+### Security Policies
+- **Acceptable use**: Define acceptable system use
+- **Data handling**: Data protection procedures
+- **Access management**: User access procedures
+- **Change management**: Secure change processes
+
+### Documentation
+- **Security procedures**: Document all procedures
+- **Configuration baselines**: Standard configurations
+- **Risk assessments**: Regular risk evaluations
+- **Audit trails**: Maintain audit records
+
+### Training & Awareness
+- **Security training**: Regular security education
+- **Phishing awareness**: Social engineering protection
+- **Best practices**: Promote security best practices
+- **Incident reporting**: Encourage incident reporting
+
+## Physical Security
+
+### Hardware Protection
+- **Secure locations**: Physical access controls
+- **Environmental controls**: Temperature, humidity
+- **Power protection**: UPS, surge protection
+- **Asset tracking**: Hardware inventory management
+
+### Data Center Security
+- **Access controls**: Restricted physical access
+- **Surveillance**: Security cameras, monitoring
+- **Environmental monitoring**: Temperature, humidity
+- **Fire suppression**: Fire detection and suppression
+
+## Cloud Security
+
+### Cloud Services
+- **Shared responsibility**: Understand security models
+- **Identity management**: Cloud identity integration
+- **Data sovereignty**: Data location requirements
+- **Vendor assessment**: Evaluate cloud providers
+
+### Hybrid Security
+- **Consistent policies**: Uniform security across environments
+- **Secure connectivity**: Encrypted cloud connections
+- **Data classification**: Consistent data handling
+- **Monitoring integration**: Unified security monitoring
+
+## Regular Security Tasks
+
+### Daily Tasks
+- **Monitor alerts**: Review security alerts
+- **Check logs**: Review critical system logs
+- **Verify backups**: Ensure backup completion
+- **Update awareness**: Stay informed on threats
+
+### Weekly Tasks
+- **Vulnerability scans**: Run security scans
+- **Access reviews**: Review user access
+- **Patch assessment**: Evaluate available patches
+- **Incident review**: Review security incidents
+
+### Monthly Tasks
+- **Security metrics**: Generate security reports
+- **Policy reviews**: Review security policies
+- **Training updates**: Update security training
+- **Vendor assessments**: Review vendor security
+
+### Quarterly Tasks
+- **Risk assessments**: Comprehensive risk evaluation
+- **Penetration testing**: Security testing
+- **Disaster recovery**: Test recovery procedures
+- **Security audits**: Internal security audits
+
+---
+**Status**: ✅ Security guidelines implemented across all homelab systems

docs/security/SECURITY_HARDENING_SUMMARY.md

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+# Security Hardening Summary - seattle-vm
+
+## Overview
+Comprehensive security hardening completed for seattle-vm (Contabo VPS) running multiple web services while preserving Tailscale and direct IP access.
+
+## Services Identified
+- **Nginx**: Reverse proxy for web services
+- **Obsidian**: Note-taking application (obs.vish.gg) - Public
+- **Wallabag**: Read-later service (wb.vish.gg) - Public  
+- **PufferPanel**: Game server management (pp.vish.gg) - Restricted to Tailscale
+- **MinIO**: Object storage - Restricted to Tailscale
+- **Revolt**: Chat services - Restricted to Tailscale
+- **Nextcloud**: File sharing - Restricted to Tailscale
+
+## Security Measures Implemented
+
+### 1. Firewall Configuration (UFW)
+- **Status**: Active and properly configured
+- **Public Access**: Only ports 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS)
+- **Tailscale Restricted**: Sensitive services (PufferPanel, MinIO, Revolt) restricted to 100.64.0.0/10
+- **SSH**: Configured for key-based authentication only
+
+### 2. Intrusion Prevention (fail2ban)
+- **Status**: Active with enhanced configuration
+- **Jails**: SSH, Nginx, PufferPanel monitoring
+- **Custom Filter**: Created PufferPanel authentication monitoring
+- **Monitoring**: 2587 failed login attempts detected in last 7 days
+
+### 3. Web Server Hardening (Nginx)
+- **Security Headers**: Implemented comprehensive security headers
+  - X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
+  - X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
+  - X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
+  - Content Security Policy
+  - Referrer Policy
+  - Permissions Policy
+- **Rate Limiting**: 10 requests/second general, 1 request/second for login
+- **Connection Limiting**: 20 connections per IP
+- **SSL/TLS**: Strong cipher suites, TLS 1.2+ only
+- **Server Tokens**: Hidden nginx version information
+
+### 4. Automatic Updates
+- **unattended-upgrades**: Configured for automatic security updates
+- **apt-listchanges**: Email notifications for package changes
+- **Status**: 0 security updates currently pending
+
+### 5. System Monitoring
+- **logwatch**: Daily system monitoring reports
+- **Custom Script**: Weekly security maintenance checks
+- **Cron Schedule**: Sundays at 2:00 AM
+- **Monitoring Includes**:
+  - Failed login attempts
+  - fail2ban status
+  - Security updates
+  - SSL certificate expiration
+  - Disk usage
+  - Memory usage
+  - Network connections
+  - Container security status
+
+### 6. Container Security
+- **Docker Containers**: 3 running (obsidian, wallabag, minio)
+- **User Context**: All running as root (acceptable for isolated containers)
+- **Network Security**: Access controlled via UFW rules
+- **Status**: Monitored via security maintenance script
+
+## Current Security Status
+
+### ✅ Strengths
+- Strong firewall configuration with service-specific restrictions
+- Active intrusion prevention with custom monitoring
+- Comprehensive web server security headers
+- Automatic security updates enabled
+- Regular security monitoring and reporting
+- SSL certificates valid until 2041
+- Low resource usage (6.4% memory, 24% disk)
+
+### ⚠️ Areas of Note
+- High number of failed login attempts (2587 in 7 days) - being monitored
+- Docker containers running as root (mitigated by network isolation)
+- Some SSL certificates lack OCSP stapling (warnings only)
+
+### 🔧 Maintenance
+- **Automated**: Security updates, daily logwatch reports, weekly security checks
+- **Manual**: SSL certificate renewal (not needed until 2041)
+- **Monitoring**: Security maintenance script logs to `/var/log/security-maintenance.log`
+
+## Access Preservation
+- **Tailscale**: All existing Tailscale access preserved
+- **Direct IP**: SSH and public web services accessible via direct IP
+- **Service Restrictions**: Sensitive services (PufferPanel, MinIO, Revolt) restricted to Tailscale network only
+
+## Next Steps
+1. Monitor security maintenance logs weekly
+2. Review fail2ban logs for persistent attackers
+3. Consider implementing additional container security measures if needed
+4. Regular review of UFW rules as services change
+
+## Files Modified
+- `/etc/ufw/` - Firewall rules
+- `/etc/fail2ban/jail.local` - Enhanced fail2ban configuration
+- `/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/pufferpanel.conf` - Custom PufferPanel filter
+- `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf` - Rate limiting zones
+- `/etc/nginx/snippets/security-headers.conf` - Security headers
+- `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/obsidian` - Added security headers
+- `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/wallabag` - Added security headers
+- `/root/scripts/security-maintenance.sh` - Weekly security check script
+
+## Security Maintenance Schedule
+- **Daily**: logwatch reports
+- **Weekly**: Comprehensive security maintenance check (Sundays 2:00 AM)
+- **Automatic**: Security updates via unattended-upgrades

docs/security/SERVER_HARDENING.md

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+# Server Hardening Summary
+
+## 🛡️ Security Measures Implemented
+
+### SSH Security
+- **Primary SSH (Port 22)**: Key-based authentication only, password authentication disabled
+- **Backup SSH (Port 2222)**: Emergency access when Tailscale is down
+  - Restricted to authorized IP addresses
+  - Same security settings as primary SSH
+  - Currently authorized IP: YOUR_WAN_IP
+- **SSH Hardening**: Disabled root password login, reduced login grace time, limited auth tries
+
+### Firewall Configuration
+- **UFW Firewall**: Active with default deny incoming policy
+- **Rate Limiting**: SSH and HTTP connections rate-limited to prevent brute force
+- **Service-Specific Rules**:
+  - SSH: Ports 22 and 2222 (rate limited)
+  - HTTP/HTTPS: Ports 80 and 443 (rate limited)
+  - Gaming Services: Minecraft (25565), Garry's Mod (27015), PufferPanel (8080)
+  - Revolt Chat: Ports 3000, 5000, 9000
+- **Tailscale Integration**: Tailscale network (100.64.0.0/10) trusted
+
+### Intrusion Prevention
+- **Fail2ban**: Active with 6 jails protecting:
+  - SSH (both ports 22 and 2222)
+  - Nginx HTTP authentication
+  - Currently 34 IPs banned on SSH
+- **Ban Settings**: 1-hour bans after 3 failed attempts within 10 minutes
+
+### Web Server Security
+- **Nginx Hardening**:
+  - Modern TLS protocols only (TLS 1.2+)
+  - Secure cipher suites
+  - Security headers (HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.)
+  - Server tokens hidden
+
+### System Security
+- **Automatic Updates**: Security updates configured for automatic installation
+- **User Account Security**: Non-essential accounts secured
+- **System Monitoring**: 
+  - Security check script: `/root/scripts/security-check.sh`
+  - Logwatch installed for system monitoring
+  - Backup access manager: `/root/scripts/backup-access-manager.sh`
+
+## 🔧 Management Tools
+
+### Backup SSH Access Manager
+Location: `/root/scripts/backup-access-manager.sh`
+
+Commands:
+- `./backup-access-manager.sh status` - Show current status
+- `./backup-access-manager.sh add-ip <IP>` - Add IP to backup access
+- `./backup-access-manager.sh remove-ip <IP>` - Remove IP from backup access
+- `./backup-access-manager.sh connect-info` - Show connection instructions
+
+### Security Monitoring
+Location: `/root/scripts/security-check.sh`
+- Run manually or via cron for security status checks
+- Monitors fail2ban, firewall, SSH, and system updates
+
+## 🚨 Emergency Access Procedures
+
+### When Tailscale is Down
+1. Ensure your current IP is authorized for backup SSH access
+2. Connect using: `ssh -p 2222 root@YOUR_SERVER_IP`
+3. Use the backup access manager to add/remove authorized IPs as needed
+
+### Current Backup Access
+- **Port**: 2222
+- **Authorized IP**: YOUR_WAN_IP
+- **Authentication**: SSH keys only (no passwords)
+
+## 📊 Current Security Status
+
+### Active Protections
+- ✅ SSH hardened (key-based auth only)
+- ✅ Firewall active with rate limiting
+- ✅ Fail2ban protecting SSH and web services
+- ✅ Nginx with modern TLS configuration
+- ✅ Automatic security updates enabled
+- ✅ Backup SSH access configured
+- ✅ System monitoring in place
+
+### Services Protected
+- SSH (ports 22, 2222)
+- Nginx web server
+- Gaming services (Minecraft, Garry's Mod)
+- PufferPanel management interface
+- Revolt chat services
+
+## 🔄 Maintenance Recommendations
+
+1. **Regular Updates**: System will auto-update security patches
+2. **Monitor Logs**: Check `/var/log/auth.log` and fail2ban logs regularly
+3. **Review Access**: Periodically review authorized IPs for backup SSH
+4. **Backup Keys**: Ensure SSH keys are backed up securely
+5. **Test Access**: Periodically test backup SSH access method
+
+## 📞 Support Commands
+
+- Check firewall status: `ufw status verbose`
+- Check fail2ban status: `fail2ban-client status`
+- Check SSH configuration: `sshd -T`
+- View security logs: `tail -f /var/log/auth.log`
+- Run security check: `/root/scripts/security-check.sh`