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docs/admin/gitops-deployment-guide.md
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docs/admin/gitops-deployment-guide.md
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# 🚀 GitOps Deployment Guide
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*Comprehensive guide for GitOps-based deployments using Portainer and Git integration*
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## Overview
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This guide covers the GitOps deployment methodology used throughout the homelab infrastructure, enabling automated, version-controlled, and auditable deployments.
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## GitOps Architecture
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### Core Components
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- **Git Repository**: `https://git.vish.gg/Vish/homelab.git`
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- **Portainer**: Container orchestration and GitOps automation
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- **Docker Compose**: Service definition and configuration
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- **Nginx Proxy Manager**: Reverse proxy and SSL termination
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### Workflow Overview
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```mermaid
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graph LR
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A[Developer] --> B[Git Commit]
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B --> C[Git Repository]
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C --> D[Portainer GitOps]
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D --> E[Docker Deployment]
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E --> F[Service Running]
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F --> G[Monitoring]
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```
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## Repository Structure
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### Host-Based Organization
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```
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homelab/
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├── Atlantis/ # Primary NAS services
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├── Calypso/ # Secondary NAS services
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├── homelab_vm/ # Main VM services
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├── concord_nuc/ # Intel NUC services
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├── raspberry-pi-5-vish/ # Raspberry Pi services
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├── common/ # Shared configurations
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└── docs/ # Documentation
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```
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### Service File Standards
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```yaml
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# Standard docker-compose.yml structure
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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service-name:
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image: official/image:tag
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container_name: service-name-hostname
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restart: unless-stopped
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environment:
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- PUID=1000
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- PGID=1000
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- TZ=America/New_York
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volumes:
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- service-data:/app/data
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ports:
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- "8080:8080"
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networks:
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- default
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labels:
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- "traefik.enable=true"
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- "traefik.http.routers.service.rule=Host(`service.local`)"
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volumes:
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service-data:
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driver: local
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networks:
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default:
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name: service-network
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```
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## Portainer GitOps Configuration
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### Stack Creation
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1. **Navigate to Stacks** in Portainer
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2. **Create new stack** with descriptive name
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3. **Select Git repository** as source
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4. **Configure repository settings**:
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- Repository URL: `https://git.vish.gg/Vish/homelab.git`
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- Reference: `refs/heads/main`
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- Compose path: `hostname/service-name.yml`
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### Authentication Setup
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```bash
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# Generate Gitea access token
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curl -X POST "https://git.vish.gg/api/v1/users/username/tokens" \
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-H "Authorization: token existing-token" \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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-d '{"name": "portainer-gitops", "scopes": ["read:repository"]}'
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# Configure in Portainer
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# Settings > Git credentials > Add credential
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# Username: gitea-username
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# Password: "REDACTED_PASSWORD"
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```
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### Auto-Update Configuration
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- **Polling interval**: 5 minutes
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- **Webhook support**: Enabled for immediate updates
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- **Rollback capability**: Previous version retention
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- **Health checks**: Automated deployment verification
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## Deployment Workflow
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### Development Process
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1. **Local development**: Test changes locally
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2. **Git commit**: Commit changes with descriptive messages
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3. **Git push**: Push to main branch
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4. **Automatic deployment**: Portainer detects changes
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5. **Health verification**: Automated health checks
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6. **Monitoring**: Continuous monitoring and alerting
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### Commit Message Standards
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```bash
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# Feature additions
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git commit -m "feat(plex): add hardware transcoding support"
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# Bug fixes
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git commit -m "fix(nginx): resolve SSL certificate renewal issue"
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# Configuration updates
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git commit -m "config(monitoring): update Prometheus retention policy"
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# Documentation
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git commit -m "docs(readme): update service deployment instructions"
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```
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### Branch Strategy
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- **main**: Production deployments
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- **develop**: Development and testing (future)
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- **feature/***: Feature development branches (future)
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- **hotfix/***: Emergency fixes (future)
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## Environment Management
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### Environment Variables
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```yaml
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# .env file structure (not in Git)
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PUID=1000
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PGID=1000
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TZ=America/New_York
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SERVICE_PORT=8080
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DATABASE_PASSWORD="REDACTED_PASSWORD"
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API_KEY=secret-api-key
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```
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### Secrets Management
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```yaml
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# Using Docker secrets
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secrets:
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db_password:
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"REDACTED_PASSWORD" true
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name: postgres_password
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api_key:
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external: true
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name: service_api_key
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services:
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app:
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secrets:
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- db_password
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- api_key
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```
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### Configuration Templates
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```yaml
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# Template with environment substitution
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services:
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app:
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image: app:${APP_VERSION:-latest}
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environment:
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- DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:${DB_PASSWORD}@db:5432/app
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- API_KEY=${API_KEY}
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ports:
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- "${APP_PORT:-8080}:8080"
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```
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## Service Categories
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### Infrastructure Services
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- **Monitoring**: Prometheus, Grafana, AlertManager
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- **Networking**: Nginx Proxy Manager, Pi-hole, WireGuard
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- **Storage**: MinIO, Syncthing, backup services
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- **Security**: Vaultwarden, Authentik, fail2ban
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### Media Services
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- **Streaming**: Plex, Jellyfin, Navidrome
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- **Management**: Sonarr, Radarr, Lidarr, Prowlarr
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- **Tools**: Tdarr, Calibre, YouTube-DL
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### Development Services
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- **Version Control**: Gitea, GitLab (archived)
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- **CI/CD**: Gitea Runner, Jenkins (planned)
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- **Tools**: Code Server, Jupyter, Draw.io
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### Communication Services
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- **Chat**: Matrix Synapse, Mattermost
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- **Social**: Mastodon, Element
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- **Notifications**: NTFY, Gotify
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## Monitoring and Observability
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### Deployment Monitoring
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```yaml
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# Prometheus monitoring for GitOps
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- job_name: 'portainer'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['portainer:9000']
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metrics_path: '/api/endpoints/1/docker/containers/json'
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- job_name: 'docker-daemon'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['localhost:9323']
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```
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### Health Checks
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```yaml
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# Service health check configuration
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healthcheck:
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test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/health"]
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interval: 30s
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timeout: 10s
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retries: 3
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start_period: 60s
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```
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### Alerting Rules
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```yaml
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# Deployment failure alerts
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- alert: REDACTED_APP_PASSWORD
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expr: increase(portainer_stack_deployment_failures_total[5m]) > 0
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for: 0m
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labels:
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severity: critical
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annotations:
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summary: "Stack deployment failed"
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description: "Stack {{ $labels.stack_name }} deployment failed"
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- alert: REDACTED_APP_PASSWORD
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expr: container_health_status{health_status!="healthy"} == 1
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for: 2m
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labels:
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severity: warning
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annotations:
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summary: "Service health check failing"
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```
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## Security Best Practices
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### Access Control
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- **Git repository**: Private repository with access controls
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- **Portainer access**: Role-based access control
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- **Service isolation**: Network segmentation
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- **Secrets management**: External secret storage
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### Security Scanning
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```yaml
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# Security scanning in CI/CD pipeline
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security_scan:
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stage: security
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script:
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- docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app clair-scanner:latest
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- trivy fs --security-checks vuln,config .
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- hadolint Dockerfile
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```
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### Network Security
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```yaml
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# Network isolation
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networks:
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frontend:
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driver: bridge
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internal: false
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backend:
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driver: bridge
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internal: true
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database:
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driver: bridge
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internal: true
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```
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## Backup and Recovery
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### Configuration Backup
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```bash
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# Backup Portainer configuration
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docker exec portainer tar -czf /backup/portainer-config-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /data
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# Backup Git repository
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git clone --mirror https://git.vish.gg/Vish/homelab.git /backup/homelab-mirror
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```
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### Disaster Recovery
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1. **Repository restoration**: Clone from backup or remote
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2. **Portainer restoration**: Restore configuration and stacks
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3. **Service redeployment**: Automatic redeployment from Git
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4. **Data restoration**: Restore persistent volumes
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5. **Verification**: Comprehensive service testing
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### Recovery Testing
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```bash
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# Regular disaster recovery testing
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./scripts/test-disaster-recovery.sh
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```
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## Troubleshooting
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### Common Issues
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#### Deployment Failures
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```bash
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# Check Portainer logs
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docker logs portainer
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# Verify Git connectivity
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git ls-remote https://git.vish.gg/Vish/homelab.git
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# Check Docker daemon
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docker system info
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```
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#### Service Health Issues
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```bash
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# Check container status
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docker ps -a
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# View service logs
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docker logs service-name
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# Inspect container configuration
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docker inspect service-name
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```
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#### Network Connectivity
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```bash
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# Test network connectivity
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docker network ls
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docker network inspect network-name
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# Check port bindings
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netstat -tulpn | grep :8080
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```
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### Debugging Tools
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```bash
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# Docker system information
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docker system df
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docker system events
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# Container resource usage
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docker stats
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# Network troubleshooting
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docker exec container-name ping other-container
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```
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## Performance Optimization
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### Resource Management
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```yaml
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# Resource limits and reservations
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deploy:
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resources:
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limits:
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memory: 1G
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cpus: '1.0'
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reservations:
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memory: 512M
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cpus: '0.5'
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```
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### Storage Optimization
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```yaml
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# Efficient volume management
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volumes:
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app-data:
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driver: local
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driver_opts:
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type: none
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o: bind
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device: /opt/app/data
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```
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### Network Optimization
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```yaml
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# Optimized network configuration
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networks:
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app-network:
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driver: bridge
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driver_opts:
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com.docker.network.bridge.name: app-br0
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com.docker.network.driver.mtu: 1500
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```
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## Future Enhancements
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### Planned Features
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- **Multi-environment support**: Development, staging, production
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- **Advanced rollback**: Automated rollback on failure
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- **Blue-green deployments**: Zero-downtime deployments
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- **Canary releases**: Gradual rollout strategy
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### Integration Improvements
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- **Webhook automation**: Immediate deployment triggers
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- **Slack notifications**: Deployment status updates
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- **Automated testing**: Pre-deployment validation
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- **Security scanning**: Automated vulnerability assessment
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---
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**Status**: ✅ GitOps deployment pipeline operational with 67+ active stacks
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